References and Links
Andersson C, Wennström P, Gry OJ. 2003. Nicotine alkaloids in Solanaceous food plants. TemaNord 531: 1-37.
http://www.norden.org/da/publikationer/publikationer/2003-531
Armitage AK, Alexander R, Hopkins R, Ward C. 1988. Evaluation of a low to middle tar/medium nicotine cigarette designed to maintain nicotine delivery to the smoker. Psychopharmacology 96: 447-453.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3149764
Becker KM, Rose JE, Albino AP. 2008. A randomized trial of nicotine replacement therapy in combination with reduced-nicotine cigarettes for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 10(7):1139-48.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18629723
Benowitz NL, Hall SM, Stewart S, Wilson M, Dempsey D, Jacob P 3rd. 2007. Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarette. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 16(11):2479-85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006940
Benowitz NL, Dains KM, Hall S, Stewart SL, Wilson M, Dempsey D, Jacob P 3rd. 2012. Smoking Behavior and Exposure to Tobacco Toxicants During 6 months of Smoking Progressively Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22354905
Donny EC, Houtsmuller E, Stitzer ML. 2007. Smoking in the absence of nicotine: behavioral, subjective and physiological effects over 11 days. Addiction 102:324-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222288
Ershoff BH, Wildman SG, Kwanyuen P. 1978. Biological Evaluation of Crystalline Fraction I Protein from Tobacco. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 157:626-630.
Fagerström KO. 1982. Effect of a nicotine-enriched cigarette on nicotine titration, daily cigarette consumption, and levels of carbon monoxide, cotinine, and nicotine. Psychopharmacology 77:164-167.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6812134
Gori GB, Lynch CJ. 1985. Analytical Cigarette Yields as Predictors of Smoke Bioavailability. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 5:314-326.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059592
Hatsukami DK, Kotlyar M, Hertsgaard LA, Zhang Y, Carmella SG, Jensen J, Allen SS, Shields PG, Murphy SE, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. 2010. Reduced nicotine content cigarettes: effects on toxicant exposure, dependence and cessation. Addiction 105:343-355.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20078491
Haussmann HJ. 2012. Use of Hazard Indices for a Theoretical Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Composition. Chem Res Toxicol. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22352345
Kajikawa M, Shoji T, Kato A, Hashimoto T. 2011. Vacuolar-localized berberine bridge enzyme-like proteins are required for a late step of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. Plant Physiology Apr;155(4):2010-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21343426
Katoh A, Shoji T, Hashimoto T. 2007. Molecular cloning of N-methylputrescine oxidase from tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol. 48(3):550–554.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17283012
Mendes P, Liang Q, Frost-Pineda K, Munjal S, Walk RA, Roethig HJ. 2009. The Relationship Between Smoking Machine Derived Tar Yields and Biomarkers of Exposure in Adult Cigarette Smokers in the U.S. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 55(1):17-27.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481578
Morton MJ, Laffoon SW. 2008. Cigarette smoke chemistry market maps under Massachusetts Department of Public Health smoking conditions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 51(1):1-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18433960
Pankow JF, Watanabe KH, Toccalino PL, Luo W, Austin DF. 2007. Calculated cancer risks for conventional and “potentially reduced exposure product” cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 16(3):584-92.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17372256
Rose JE. 2006. Nicotine and nonnicotine factors in cigarette addiction. Psychopharmacology 184:274-285.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16362402
Russell MAH. 2000. Public Health and Levels of Nicotine: Should nicotine be minimized or maximized? In: Nicotine and Public Health. Ferrence R, Slade J, Room, R, Pope M, eds., Washington D.C.: American Public Health Association, pp. 265-284.
Download PDF
Sheen SJ. 1988. Detection of Nicotine in Foods and Plant Materials. J. Food Sci. 53(5):1572-1573.
Todd AT, Liu E, Polvi SL, Pammett RT, Page JE. 2010. A functional genomics screen identifies diverse transcription factors that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J. May 1;62(4):589-600.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20202168
Walker N, Howe C, Bullen C, Grigg M, Glover M, McRobbie H, Laugesen M, Parag V, Whittaker R. 2012. The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. March 30. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22594651
Watanabe KH, Djordjevic MV, Stellman SD, Toccalino PL, Austin DF, Pankow JF. 2009. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 55(2):123-33.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19540296
Woodman G, Newman SP, Pavia D, Clarke SW. 1987. The separate effects of tar and nicotine on the cigarette smoking manoeuvre. Eur J Respir Dis. 70:316-321.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3609190
Xie J, Song W, Maksymowicz W, Jin W, Cheah K, Chen W, Carnes C, Ke J, Conkling MA. 2004. Biotechnology: A Tool for Reduced Risk Tobacco Products – The Nicotine Experience From Test Tube to Cigarette Pack. Recent Advances in Tobacco Science 30:17-37.
